Haemorrhoids are swollen, painful veins located in the lower rectum or anus. They’re incredibly common, especially among people over 45, pregnant women, and people with chronic constipation. One effective way to treat internal haemorrhoids is by using suppositories. These are small, medicated inserts that you place in the rectum.
But what are they exactly? How do they work? Are they effective?
Let’s break it all down.
What Are Haemorrhoid Suppositories?
Haemorrhoid suppositories are solid forms of medication that are inserted into the rectum. When you insert them, they dissolve and allow the medication to be absorbed through the rectal lining. They are typically made from a combination of a soothing base, such as an oil & cream, and active ingredients that help relieve symptoms.
Over-the-counter suppositories are often used to treat mild haemorrhoid discomfort, including itching, swelling, and burning. There are different types available based on the symptoms being treated. Some are designed to reduce inflammation, while others help relieve constipation, which can make haemorrhoids worse. In more serious cases, stronger prescription versions may be suggested.
Homemade suppositories using natural ingredients like witch hazel or coconut oil are also an option. These may provide temporary relief, but they do not contain medical ingredients that actively reduce swelling or pain.
How Do They Work?
Haemorrhoid suppositories work by delivering medication directly to the inflamed tissue inside the rectum. Once inserted, the suppository dissolves at body temperature and dispenses its active components. These ingredients are absorbed through the rectal lining, allowing them to act quickly on the surrounding blood vessels and tissues.
Depending on the formulation, a suppository may:
- Reduce inflammation with ingredients like hydrocortisone.
- Relieve pain and itching using local anaesthetics such as lidocaine.
- Soothe irritation with protective agents like cocoa butter or zinc oxide.
- Help with bowel movements if the product includes a mild laxative or stool softener.
Because the rectum is rich in blood vessels, medication delivered through this route is absorbed efficiently. This makes suppositories especially useful for treating internal haemorrhoids, which are located deeper within the anal canal and are not easily reached by topical creams.
When Should You Use Haemorrhoid Suppositories?
Suppositories are most helpful when you’re dealing with internal haemorrhoids, those that develop inside the rectum. These are often harder to reach with creams or wipes and tend to cause symptoms like rectal pressure, bleeding during bowel movements, and a constant feeling of needing to pass stool.
You should consider using a suppository if:
- You experience persistent internal discomfort, such as itching, swelling, or burning.
- There is mild bleeding that a doctor has already evaluated.
- You have trouble applying ointments internally.
- You’re looking for overnight relief, as suppositories work well while the body is at rest.
They are not as effective for external haemorrhoids, which are better treated with topical creams, cooling wipes, or sitz baths.
Suppositories should be part of a larger treatment plan, not used alone. To find lasting relief from constipation, it’s important to manage it effectively. This includes avoiding sitting on the toilet for too long, eating more fibre, and drinking plenty of water.
If symptoms don’t improve after a week of using suppositories, or if they get worse, speak with a doctor to rule out other conditions or to explore stronger treatment options.
How to Use a Haemorrhoid Suppository? – Best Practices
Using a haemorrhoid suppository is easy and can usually be done on your own. However, some people may want help at first until they feel comfortable doing it by themselves. To ensure the suppository works as intended, it’s important to follow a few simple steps for proper use and hygiene.
Before you start, gather everything you’ll need: the suppository, an applicator if it’s included, soap and water for cleaning, and an optional water-based lubricant. Avoid petroleum-based products like Vaseline, as they can interfere with how the suppository dissolves.
Step 1: Prepare the Suppository
Ensure that the suppository is solid enough for insertion. If it feels too soft or has partially melted, place it in the refrigerator for a few minutes. This makes insertion easier and also provides a cooling effect that feels soothing.
If possible, have a bowel movement beforehand. This helps the medication stay in place longer and allows for better absorption.
Step 2: Position Yourself
Choose a position that allows easy access and comfort. Many people find it easiest to either lie on their side with one leg straight and the other bent, or to stand with one foot raised on a stool or low surface. Relax your muscles and take slow breaths to reduce tension.
Step 3: Insert the Suppository
Remove any packaging from the suppository and apply a small amount of water-based lubricant to the pointed end. Gently insert it into the rectum, narrow end first, pushing it at least an inch past the anal sphincter to keep it from slipping out.
Step 4: Allow Time for Absorption
Once the suppository is in place, remain seated or lying down for at least 15 minutes. This allows your body to dissolve the suppository and begin the effective absorption of the medication.
Step 5: Clean Up
After enough time has passed, you can get dressed and dispose of any used materials or packaging. Make sure your hands are clean.
Tips for Best Results
- Try to avoid going to the bathroom for at least an hour after using the suppository. This helps prevent the medication from being expelled too early.
- If your suppository includes a gauze insert, maintain it in position for approximately one hour. After that, gently pull the string to remove it.
- Use suppositories at the same time each day, if using them as part of a treatment plan. Many people prefer applying them at bedtime.
Are Haemorrhoid Suppositories Effective?
Yes, haemorrhoid suppositories can be highly effective, especially for internal haemorrhoids. Because they are placed into the rectum, they provide medication directly to the area that needs treatment. This allows for targeted relief from symptoms like itching, swelling, pain, and inflammation. Unlike creams or ointments that operate on the outer layer of the skin, suppositories target discomfort from the interior.
They are most effective when used consistently and in combination with other supportive treatments such as a high-fibre diet, increased water intake, and regular physical activity. They don’t cure haemorrhoids outright, but they do help manage symptoms and improve comfort during flare-ups.
However, effectiveness can vary depending on:
- The severity and type of haemorrhoid (internal vs. external)
- The active ingredients in the suppository
- How consistently the product is used
- Individual response to treatment
For internal haemorrhoids, suppositories tend to work better than creams. For external haemorrhoids, topical treatments may offer more direct relief.
Risks and Side Effects of Haemorrhoid Suppositories
While haemorrhoid suppositories are generally safe when used correctly, they can come with side effects, particularly if overused or used incorrectly.
Common Side Effects
- Mild irritation or burning in the rectum after insertion.
- A temporary feeling of fullness or the urge to have a bowel movement.
- Leakage of melted suppository contents from the rectum.
These are usually mild and go away quickly.
Less Common, But Serious Risks
- Allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling.
- Worsening of symptoms if the wrong type of suppository is used (for example, using a laxative suppository without needing one).
- Thinning of rectal tissue occurs if corticosteroid suppositories are used too frequently or for too long.
- Infection, particularly if hygiene is poor during insertion.
Who Should Avoid Haemorrhoid Suppositories?
While suppositories are safe for most people, there are certain situations where they should be avoided or used with caution.
Avoid if You:
- Have rectal bleeding that has not been diagnosed (you need to rule out other causes).
- Are allergic to any ingredients in the suppository
- Have rectal or anal infections.
- Are already using other corticosteroid treatments and want to avoid excess exposure.
- Have anal fissures or tears, which can be irritated by insertion.
Use with Caution if You:
- Are you pregnant or breastfeeding (consult your doctor before using any medication).
- Have a history of gastrointestinal disorders or immune conditions.
- Are on blood thinners or have a bleeding disorder.
Suppository vs. Topical Treatments
When deciding between suppositories and topical treatments like creams or ointments, it helps to understand what each method is best suited for.
Suppositories
- Best for internal haemorrhoids.
- Deliver medication directly to the internal rectal area.
- More effective for symptoms like pressure, internal pain, and swelling.
- Less messy and more convenient for overnight use.
Topical Creams and Ointments
- Best for external haemorrhoids.
- Target symptoms like itching, burning, and irritation on the skin around the anus.
- Provide quick relief, but may need to be reapplied more often.
- It may be easier for people who are uncomfortable with internal application.
In some cases, both methods can be used together: a suppository for internal relief and a cream for external symptoms. Just be sure they don’t contain overlapping ingredients to avoid overexposure.
Final Thoughts
Haemorrhoid suppositories are an effective option for treating internal haemorrhoids by delivering fast, targeted relief. When used correctly and alongside good bowel habits, they help reduce pain, swelling, and discomfort. While generally safe, they may not be suitable for everyone and should be used with care.
Always consult a doctor if symptoms persist or worsen, or if you’re unsure about which treatment is right for your condition.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Do haemorrhoid suppositories actually work?
Suppositories don’t get rid of haemorrhoids, but they can help manage the symptoms. They reduce swelling, pain, and irritation, making you feel more comfortable while your body heals.
2. Which suppository is used for haemorrhoids?
Suppositories with hydrocortisone are commonly used for internal haemorrhoids. They’re inserted into the rectum and help reduce inflammation, itching, and discomfort inside the anal canal.
3. Is it safe to use haemorrhoid suppositories every day?
Yes, you can use them daily, but only for a short time. Most products can be used 2 to 4 times a day for up to 7 days. If symptoms don’t improve after a week, it’s best to check with your doctor.
4 Can you use haemorrhoid suppositories during pregnancy?
Yes, certain haemorrhoid treatments like hydrocortisone suppositories are generally safe to use during pregnancy. They contain very small amounts of medicine, which isn’t likely to affect your baby. Still, talk to your doctor before using any new treatment while pregnant.
